Studies have found that the development of intimate partner violence perpetration is linked to individual, family and peer factors that often merge or are experienced in childhood. Children are exposed to these social norms from their earliest interactions with their parents, other key people in their social environments, as well as social and cultural institutions (e.g. government, schools, faith-based organizations, media). This goes beyond the exposure to violence in childhood and includes, for example, the beliefs and attitudes that contribute to both the perpetration of violence against women and toleration of it.